Capsicum annuum is a domesticated species of the plant genus Capsicum native to southern North America and northern South America. The three species C. annuum, C. frutescens and C. chinense all evolved from a single common ancestor located somewhere in the northwest Brazil - Colombia area. This species is the most common and extensively cultivated of the five domesticated capiscums. Although the species name annuum means “annual” (from the Latin annus “year”), the plant is not an annual and in the absence of winter frosts can survive several seasons and grow into a large perennial shrub. The single flowers are an off-white (sometimes purplish) color whilst the stem is densely branched and up to 60 centimetres (24 in) tall. The fruit is berry which may be green, yellow or red when ripe. Whilst the species can tolerate most climates, C. annuum is especially productive in warm and dry climates. Hot peppers are used in medicine as well as food in Africa and other countries. Hot peppers are used in medicine as well as food in Africa and other countries.

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