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Safety-I and safety-II Author: Professor Erik Hollnagel

ISBN: 9781472423085 Format: Paperback Number Of Pages: 200 Published: 28 May 2014 Country of Publication: GB Dimensions (cm): 23.39 x 15.6 x 1.07 Description: Safety has traditionally been defined as a condition where the number of adverse outcomes was as low as possible (Safety-I). From a Safety-I perspective, the purpose of safety management is to make sure that the number of accidents and incidents is kept as low as possible, or as low as is reasonably practicable. This means that safety management must start from the manifestations of the absence of safety and that - paradoxically - safety is measured by counting the number of cases where it fails rather than by the number of cases where it succeeds. This unavoidably leads to a reactive approach based on responding to what goes wrong or what is identified as a risk - as something that could go wrong. Focusing on what goes right, rather than on what goes wrong, changes the definition of safety from âavoiding that something goes wrongâ to âensuring that everything goes rightâ. More precisely, Safety-II is the ability to succeed under varying conditions, so that the number of intended and acceptable outcomes is as high as possible. From a Safety-II perspective, the purpose of safety management is to ensure that as much as possible goes right, in the sense that everyday wo...

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